jptsd123 / 口腔疾病防治

@#Esophageal cancer is one of the most lethal digestive system cancers, and its pathogenic factors have always been the focus of research. Recently, it has been found that microorganisms and their metabolites in the esophagus may also represent one of the pathogenic factors. Because of their continuity in anatomical structure, the oral cavity and esophagus have a certain correlation in terms of the composition of flora. In recent years, many scholars have studied the relationship between oral microorganisms and esophageal cancer to monitor changes in oral microorganisms as well as to diagnose and treat esophageal cancer more effectively. In this paper, the research status of oral microorganisms and esophageal cancer was reviewed. The Results of the literature review show that the diversity of bacteria in the esophagus is affected by oral flora in terms of the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer. Among these bacteria, the periodontal red complex, which includes Porphyromonas gingivalis, forsythia and Treponema dentata, as well as common oral microorganisms, such as Streptococcus viridis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, are all related to the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer to a certain extent. At present, there are few studies on the mechanism of microorganisms and esophageal cancer, but scholars have found that lipopolysaccharides and endotoxins, the products of Gram-negative bacteria in the esophagus, may participate in the innate immune response of the host, and the relevant mechanism of action needs further study in order to find new targets for monitoring and treatment.

Surface interactions between two of the main periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia

PURPOSE: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia have been implicated as the major etiologic agents of periodontal disease. These two bacteria are frequently isolated together from the periodontal lesion, and it has been suggested that their interaction may increase each one's virulence potential. The purpose of this study was to identify proteins on the surface of these organisms that are involved in interbacterial binding. METHODS: Biotin labeling of surface proteins of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was performed to identify surface proteins involved in the coaggregating activity between P. gingivalis and T. forsythia. RESULTS: It was found that three major T. forsythia proteins sized 161, 100, and 62 kDa were involved in binding to P. gingivalis, and P. gingivalis proteins sized 35, 32, and 26 kDa were involved in binding to T. forsythia cells. CONCLUSIONS: LC-MS/MS analysis identified one T. forsythia surface protein (TonB-linked outer membrane protein) involved in interbacterial binding to P. gingivalis. However, the nature of other T. forsythia and P. gingivalis surface proteins identified by biotin labeling could not be determined. Further analysis of these proteins will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms that mediate coaggregation between P. gingivalis and T. forsythia.

Coexistence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola in the Red Bacterial Complex in Chronic Periodontitis Subjects / Coexistencia de Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia y Treponema denticola en el Complejo Rojo Bacteriano en Sujetos con Periodontitis Crónica

Previous reports showed that periodontitis is associated with different microorganisms rather than individual periodontopathogens in the dental biofilm. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the coexistence and relationship among Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tanerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola in the red complex, noting its association with the severity of periodontitis. In this cross sectional study, 96 subjects, aged 33 to 82 years (with 18 residual teeth) with chronic periodontitis who attended the dental clinics of the Universidad de Antioquia in Medellín, Colombia were invited to participate. The presence or absence of bleeding on probing and plaque were registered. Probing depth and clinical attachment level were measured at all approximal, buccal and lingual surfaces. Microbial sampling on periodontitis patients was performed on pockets >5 mm. The presence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola was detected by PCR using primers designed to target the respective 16S rRNA gene sequences. The coexistence of the three periodontopathogens was the most frequent (25 subjects). A statistically significant association between the three bacteria was observed (P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, P<0.0001; P. gingivalis and T. denticola, P=0.001; T. forsythia and T. denticola, P<0.0001). Similarly, the logistic regression analysis showed a significant association among periodontopathogens. The most relevant was observed between P. gingivalis and T. forsythia (OR=6.1). In conclusion, the present study found a significant association in the coexistence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and T. denticola, and they related strongly to clinical parameters of inflammation and periodontal destruction.

Reportes previos mostraron que la periodontitis se asocia con diferentes microorganismos en lugar de periodontopatógenos particulares en la biopelícula dental. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la coexistencia y relación entre Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tanerella forsythia y Treponema denticola en el complejo rojo, señalando su vinculación con la severidad de la periodontitis. En este estudio transversal, 96 sujetos de 33 a 82 años (con 18 dientes residuales) con periodontitis crónica que asistieron a las clínicas dentales de la Universidad de Antioquia en Medellín, Colombia fueron invitados a participar. Se registraron la presencia o ausencia de sangrado al sondaje y placa. La profundidad de sondaje y nivel de inserción clínica se midieron en todas las superficies proximales, bucal y lingual. El muestreo microbiano en pacientes con periodontitis se realizó en los bolsillos mayores a 5 mm. La presencia de P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, y T. denticola se detectó por PCR usando las bolsas periodontales diseñadas para dirigirse a las respectivas secuencias de genes 16S RNAr. La coexistencia de los tres periodontopatógenos fue la más frecuente (25 sujetos). Se observó una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las tres bacterias (P. gingivalis y T. forsythia, P<0,0001; P. gingivalis y T. denticola, P=0,001; T. forsythia y T. denticola, P<0,0001). Del mismo modo, el análisis de regresión logística mostró una asociación significativa entre periodontopatógenos; la más relevantes se observó entre P. gingivalis y T. forsythia (OR=6,1). El presente estudio encontró una asociación significativa en la coexistencia de P. gingivalis, T. forsythia y T. denticola, y estuvieron fuertemente relacionadas a los parámetros clínicos de la inflamación y destrucción periodontal.

Occurrence of periodontal pathogens among patients with chronic periodontitis

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of the periodontal pathogens that form the red complex (Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with chronic periodontitis. The sample consisted of 29 patients with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of chronic periodontitis based on the criteria of the American Academy of Periodontology (3). Samples for microbiological analysis were collected from the four sites of greatest probing depth in each patient, totaling 116 samples. These samples were processed using conventional polymerase chain reaction, which achieved the following positive results: 46.6% for P. gingivalis, 41.4% for T. forsythia, 33.6% for T. denticola and 27.6% for A. actinomycetemcomitans. P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were more prevalent (p < 0.05) in periodontal pockets ≥ 8 mm. The combinations T. forsythia + P. gingivalis (23.2%) and T. forsythia + P. gingivalis + T. denticola (20.0%) were more frequent in sites with a probing depth ≥ 8 mm. Associations with the simultaneous presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans + P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans + T. forsythia, P. gingivalis + T. forsythia and T. forsythia + T. denticola were statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the red complex pathogens are related to chronic periodontitis, presenting a higher occurrence in deep periodontal pockets. Moreover, the simultaneous presence of these bacteria in deep sites suggests a symbiotic relationship between these virulent species, favoring, in this way, a further progression of periodontal disease.

Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human gingival fibroblasts by Tannerella forsythia whole bacteria, membrane proteins, and lipopolysaccharide / 대한치주과학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate induction of cytokine expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) by whole cell and the components of T. forsythia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After HGFs were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), membrane protein isolated from T. forsythia or culture media of T. forsythia, the induction of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and IL-8 was examined with real-time PCR and ELISA. Their induction ability of cytokines was compared with whole bacteria. RESULT: The expression of IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly induced in HGFs by whole bacteria and membrane protein. The expression of IL-1beta was induced by membrane protein of T. forsythia, not by whole bacteria. LPS and condition media of T. forsythia slightly activated HGFs. CONCLUSION: The membrane protein of T. forsythia could be one of virulence factors.

Visualization of periodontopathic bacteria within crevicular epithelial cells with fluorescence in situ hybridization / 대한치주과학회지

PURPOSE: Periodontal pathogens can invade the host tissue. Morphologic studies have revealed bacteria within the pocket epithelium, gingival connective tissues, alveolar bone, and oral epithelium. The objective of this study was to visualize and evaluate presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia in crevicular epithelial cells of periodontally healthy subjects and chronic periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 666 crevicular epithelial cells in the samples obtained from 27 chronic periodontitis patients and 9 healthy volunteers were examined. Specific probes for P. gingivalis and T. forsythia and a universal probe for detection of all eubacteria targeting 16S rRNA for fluorescence in situ hybridization was used in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: 98.99% of sulcular epithelial cells from healthy volunteers and 84.40% of pocket epithelial cells from periodontitis patients were found to harbor bacteria. P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were discovered more often in crevicular epithelial cells from periodontitis patients. CONCLUSION: P. gingivalis and T. forsythia can invade crevicular epithelial cells and intracellular bacteria may act as a source of bacteria for persistent infection.

Coaggregation between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia / 대한치주과학회지

Dental plaque, a biofilm consisting of more than 500 different bacterial species, is an etiological agent of human periodontal disease. It is therefore important to characterize interactions among periodontopathic microorganisms in order to understand the microbial pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Previous data have suggested a synergistic effect of tow major periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia in the periodontal lesion. In the present study, to better understand interaction between P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, the coaggregation activity between these bacteria was characterized. The coaggregation activity was observed by a direct visual assay by mixing equal amount (1 x 10(9)) of T. forsythia and P. gingivalis cells. It was found that the first aggregates began to appear after 5-10 min, and that the large aggregates completely settled within 1 h. Electron and epifluorescence microscopic studies confirmed cell-cell contact between two bacteria. The heat treatment of P. gingivalis completely blocked the activity, suggesting an involvement of a heat-labile component of P. gingivalis in the interaction. On the other hand, heat treatment of T. forsythia significantly increased the coaggregation activity; the aggregates began to appear immediately. The coaggregation activity was inhibited by addition of protease, however carbohydrates did not inhibit the activity, suggesting that coaggregation is a protein-protein interaction. The results of this study suggest that coaggregation between P. gingivalis and T. forsythia is a result of cell-cell physical contact, and that coaggregation is mediated by a heat-labile component of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia component that can be activated on heat treatment.